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TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit.sPubDate = "10/8/2009 1:13:39 PM GMT";
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TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit.appHeader = "The lit list | Nobel Prize winners";
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit.appDeck = "Meet the authors who have been honored over the past 20 years";
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TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2009","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/091008-nobel-lit-hmed-415a.vmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Bernd Weissbrod", "EPA", "150", "198", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "The Nobel Prize in literature is regarded by many as the highest honor a writer can receive. The award, presented by the Swedish Academy, is given to an author based on his or her entire body of work and the prize money amounts to about $1.4 million. <p><br>Check out some of the authors who have won over the past two decades, and get to know the books that are considered some of the most important in the literary world. <p><b>Herta Mueller</b> (2009)<p><b>Country:</b> Romania<br><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"Nadirs\"<br><li> \"Oppressive Tango\"<br><li> \"The Passport\"<p>Herta Mueller is the 12th woman to win the prize. Most of her work is in German, but some have been translated into English French and Spanish. \"I think that there is an incredible force in what she writes, she has a very, very unique style,\" said Peter Englund, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy. ";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2008","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/081009-clezio-vsml-6a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "", "", "273", "206", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio</b> (2008)<p><b>Country:</b> France<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"The Deposition\"<br><li> \"Desert\"<br><li> \"Beloved Earth\"<p>Le Clezio has written on several themes incuding insanity, childhood and traveling. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for being an \"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization.\"<p><br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2007","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-847a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Shaun Curry", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "185", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Doris Lessing</b> (2007)<p><b>Country:</b> United Kingdom<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2007/lessing-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"The Grass is Singing\"</a> <br><li>\"The Golden Notebook\"<br><li>\"The Good Terrorist\"<p>At 87, Lessing was the oldest person to be bestowed the literature prize, as well as the 11th woman to win. The Swedish Academy praised her as the \"epicist of the female experience.\"<br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2006","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-848a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Fred Dufour", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "197", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Orhan Pamuk</b> (2006)<p><b>Country:</b> Turkey<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"My Name is Red\"<br><li>\"Snow\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2006/pamuk-prose_en.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Istanbul: Memories of a City\"</a> <p>Pamuk was the first Turkish person to receive the prize. The Academy cited Pamuk as one \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2005","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-849a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Carl De Souza", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "230", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Harold Pinter</b> (2005)<p><b>Country:</b> United Kingdom<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"The Dumb Waiter\" <br><li> \"The Caretaker\" <br><li> \"The New World Order\" <p>A playwright, screenwriter, actor, director, poet and activist, Pinter was cited by the Academy as one who \"forces entry into oppression's closed rooms.\"<br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2004","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-851a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Afp", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "196", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Elfriede Jelinek</b> (2004)<p><b>Country:</b> Austria<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"We are Decoys, Baby!\"<br><li> \"Wonderful, Wonderful Times\"<br><li> <a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/jelinek-prose-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"The Piano Teacher\"</a> <p>A feminist playwright and novelist whose work was often highly controversial, Jelinek was awarded the prize for her ability to \"reveal the absurdity of society's clich&#233;s and their subjugating power\" with \"linguistic zeal.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2003","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-853a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Tiziana Fabi", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "204", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>John M. Coetzee</b> (2003)<p><b>Country:</b> South Africa<p><b>Influential works:</b> <br><li> \"Waiting for the Barbarians\" <br><li> \"Life & Times of Michael K\"<br><li> <a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Disgrace\"</a> <p>Coetzee was the first author to win the Book Prize twice. Upon winning the Nobel Prize, the Swedish Academy cited Coetzee as one \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider.\"<br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2002","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-855a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Jochen Luebke", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "189", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Imre Kertesz</b> (2002)<p><b>Country:</b> Hungary<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> <a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-prose-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Fatelessness\"</a> <br><li>  \"Kaddish for a Child Not Born\"<br><li>  \"Liquidation\"<p>Kertesz was a Holocaust concentration camp survivor, and his experiences were the basis for much of his work. He received the Nobel Prize \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2001","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-943a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Indranil Mukherjee", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "198", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>V.S. Naipaul</b> (2001)<p><b>Country:</b> United Kingdom (born in Trinidad)<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"In a Free State\"<br><li> \"The Middle Passage\"<br><li> \"A Million Mutinies Now\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/naipaul-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"The Enigma of Arrival\"</a> <p>Naipaul's work, often centered on Third World narratives, is known for its rejection of victimhood. The Academy noted that Naipaul created works \"that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories.\" ";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","2000","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-857a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Vittorio Zunino Celotto", "Getty Images file", "273", "202", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Gao Xingjian</b> (2000)<p><b>Country:</b> France (born in China)<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"Soul Mountain\"<br><li>\"Fugitives\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2000/gao-prose-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"One Man's Bible\"</a> <p>Xingjian, a playright and novelist, pioneered absurdist drama in China. The Academy cited Xingjian's \"bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which [have] opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1999","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-858a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Sean Gallup", "Getty Images file", "273", "188", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Guenter Grass</b> (1999)<p><b>Country:</b> Germany<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1999/grass-prose-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"The Tin Drum\"</a> <br><li>\"Cat and Mouse\"<br><li>\"Dog Years\"<br><li>\"Crabwalk\"<p>A poet, novelist and playwright, Grass's work was a literary representation of the German experience during the Nazi era. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his \"frolicsome black fables [that]portray the forgotten face of history.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1998","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-hmed-859a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Ivan Garcia", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "230", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Jose Saramago </b> (1998)<p><b>Country:</b> Portugal<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1998/saramago-prose-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Baltasar and Blimunda\"</a> <br><li>\"Blindness\"<br><li>\"The Gospel According to Jesus Christ\" <p>Much of Saramago's writing was controversial, presenting the perspective of insurgents from historic events. The Academy cited his \"parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1997","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-9a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Filippo Monteforte", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "231", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Dario Fo</b> (1997)<p><b>Country:</b> Italy<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"Archangels Don't Play Pinball\"<br><li> \"Fedayin\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1997/prose-en.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Mistero Buffo\"</a> <p>Fo's satire has criticized the Catholic policy on abortion and political corruption. The Academy praised him as one \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden.\" ";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1996","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/081008-Szymborska-vlrg-9a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Filip Miller", "AP file", "273", "196", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Wislawa Szymborska</b> (1996)<p><b>Country:</b> Poland<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li>\"Non-required Reading\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1996/szymborska-poems-1-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"A Large Number\"</a> <br><li>\"Poems New and Collected, 1957-1997\"<p>Szymborska's poetry has been translated to Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese and Chinese, in addition to several European languages. The Academy awarded her \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light.\"<br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1995","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-903a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Chris Jackson", "Getty Images file", "273", "193", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Seamus Heaney</b> (1995)<p><b>Country:</b> Ireland<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"Death of a Naturalist\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1995/heaney-poems-1-e.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"North\"</a> <br><li> \"The Cure at Troy\"<p>Much of Heaney's poetry focused on his analysis of the violence in Northern Ireland. He was awarded the Nobel Prize \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past.\"<br>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1994","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-904a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Afp", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "200", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Kenzaburo Oe</b> (1994)<p><b>Country:</b> Japan<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li>\"Okinawa Notes\"<br><li>\"Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1994/oe-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness\"</a> <p>Oe created works that often focused on political issues such as nuclear weapons. The Academy cited him as a writer \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1993","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-905a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Francois Guillot", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "182", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Toni Morrison</b> (1993)<p><b>Country:</b> United States<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1993/morrison-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Sula\"</a> <br><li> \"The Bluest Eye\"<br><li> \"Beloved\"<p>Morrison wrote novels that brought multi-faceted, richly-developed black characters to the forefront of literature. The Academy cited that she, by \"visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.\"<p>";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1992","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-906a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Pedro Rey", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "191", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Derek Walcott</b> (1992)<p><b>Country:</b> St. Lucia<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1992/walcott-poetry-seagrapes.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Sea Grapes\"</a><br><li> \"Omeros\"<br><li>\"Ti-Jean and his Brothers\" <br><li>\"Pantomime\"<p>Walcott published more than 20 plays, his stories based on West Indian identity and the effects of colonial rule. He was praised for his \"great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1991","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-907a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Tiziana Fabi", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "166", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Nadine Gordimer</b> (1991)<p><b>Country:</b> South Africa<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"The Conservationist\"<br><li> \"Burger's Daughter\"<br><li> \"July's People\"<p>Gordimer's work dealt with racial issues, and bemoaned the immorality of South African apartheid. The Academy praised her \"magnificent epic writing\" as being \"of very great benefit to humanity.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1990","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-908a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Afp", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "210", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Octavio Paz</b> (1990)<p><b>Country:</b> Mexico<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li>\"The Labyrinth of Solitude\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1990/paz-prose.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Eagle or Sun?\"</a> <br><li> \"Collected Poems, 1957&#150;1987\" <p>Paz wrote poetry influenced by many styles and themes, including surrealism, Marxism, love, spirituality, and particularly, his experiences in India. The Academy noted that his work was \"characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1989","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-909a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "Stf", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "160", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Camilo Jose Cela</b> (1989)<p><b>Country:</b> Spain<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"The Family of Pascual Duarte\" <br><li> \"The Hive\"<br><li> \"Christ versus Arizona\"<p>Cela's notable work \"Christ versus Arizona\" is the story of a duel, written in a single sentence that is more than 100 pages long. He won the Nobel Prize for his \"rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability.\"";

TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i++] = new Array("","1988","","http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo/_new/brill-081007-nobel-vmed-910a.hmedium.jpg","","", "", "", "", "", "left", "-", "AFP/Getty Images file", "273", "194", "#000000", "", "", "", "");
TODAY_100908_NobelLaureates_Lit[i-1].body = "<b>Naguib Mahfouz</b> (1988)<p><b>Country:</b> Egypt<p><b>Influential works:</b><br><li> \"Cairo Trilogy\"<br><li> \"Children of Gebelawi\"<br><li><a href=\"http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1988/mahfouz-prose-en.html\"target=\"_blank\">\"Midaq Alley\"</a><p>Mahfouz supported Egypt's peace treaty with Israel in 1978 and ended up on an Islamic fundamentalist \"death list\". The Academy noted that Mahfouz, \"through works rich in nuance ... has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind.\"<br>";

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