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KyotoPrimer.ID = "KyotoPrimer";
KyotoPrimer.ID_WB = 15715843;
KyotoPrimer.sPubDate = "11/14/2006 5:34:42 PM GMT";
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KyotoPrimer.appHeader = "Global warming and the Kyoto Protocol";
KyotoPrimer.appFooter = "Source: Reuters";
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KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","What is the protocol?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "It is a pact agreed by governments at a 1997 U.N. conference in Kyoto, Japan, to reduce greenhouse gases emitted by developed countries to at least 5 percent below 1990 levels by 2008-12. A total of 165 nations have ratified the pact.<br>The European Union set up a market in January 2005, under which about 12,000 factories and power stations are given carbon dioxide quotas. If they overshoot they can buy extra allowances in the market or pay a financial penalty; if they undershoot they can sell them.<br>Developed countries can earn credits to offset against their targets by funding clean technologies, such as solar power, in poorer countries. They can also have joint investments in former Soviet bloc nations.<br>";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","Is it first such accord?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "Governments agreed to tackle climate change at an \"Earth Summit\" in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 with non-binding targets. Kyoto is the follow-up and is the first binding global agreement to cut greenhouse gases.<br>";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","Is it legally binding?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "Kyoto has legal force from Feb. 16, 2005. It represents 61.6 percent of developed nations' total emissions. The United States, the world's biggest source of emissions, pulled out in 2001, saying Kyoto is too expensive and wrongly omits developing nations from a first round of targets through 2012. ";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","How is it enforced","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "Countries overshooting their targets in 2012 will have to make both the promised cuts and 30 percent more in a second period from 2013.";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","Must all reduce by 5 percent?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "No, only 35 relatively developed countries have agreed to targets for 2008-12 under a principle that richer countries are most to blame. They range from an 8 percent cut for the European Union from 1990 levels to a 10 percent rise for Iceland.";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","How are they doing so far?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "Rich nations' emissions were 3.3 percent below 1990 levels in 2004, mainly due to a collapse of Soviet-era industries. Emissions are now rising in many countries. In the United States, which is outside Kyoto, emissions were up 16 percent from 1990.";

KyotoPrimer[i++] = new Array("","Which gases are targeted?","","","","", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
KyotoPrimer[i-1].body = "Greenhouse gases trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. The main culprit is carbon dioxide, produced largely from burning fossil fuel. The protocol also covers methane, much of which comes from agriculture, and nitrous oxide, mostly from fertilizer use. Three industrial gases are also included.";

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	// END editorial data