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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables.sPubDate = "11/14/2005 5:26:37 PM GMT";
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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = " <p> <p> <p> <br><img src=/d/ip/CosmeticSurgery_Injectables/w_cap.gif>th a little help from cows, culture dishes and even chubby thighs, cosmetic surgeons and dermatologists are erasing years off the faces of more Americans every year. Botox may be a household name, but a growing number of people are skipping the scalpel and having their creases caulked with an increasing array of substances. Click on the buttons at left for the lowdown on some of the most commonly used wrinkle fillers.  ";

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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = "<b><font color=993333 size=2>Animal Collagen</font></b>      <p><b>What </b>       <br>Injectable, purified collagen derived from the skin of cows was introduced to the world more than 20 years ago. Sold as Zyderm and Zyplast, more than 1 million treatments have been administered in over 40 countries.        <p><b>Use</b>       <br>Zyderm is used to fill fine and moderate facial lines and small scars. Zyplast is a thicker formulation used for plumping lips and filling deep lines and furrows and pronounced scars.       <p><b>Duration </b>       <br>Three to six months for wrinkles and scars. In some women's lips, it can be reabsorbed in under a month.        <p><b>Cost </b>       <br>$300 and up depending on amount needed and geographical locale. Treating very deep wrinkles can cost as much as $1,500.       <p><b>Pros</b><li>Less pain than with other injectables because it is mixed with the local anesthetic lidocaine.        <br><li>Two decades of experience.        <br><li>Formulations of varying thickness allow for more individualized treatment.        <br><li>Immediate results.        <br><li>Immediate recovery.       <p><b>Cons</b><li> Requires a skin sensitivity test on the forearm to determine if patient has an allergy to bovine collagen. Results take at least four weeks. About 3 percent of people test positive.        <br><li>About 1 percent of people who do not have a reaction to the sensitivity test later develop an allergy to the product, usually after several uses. This can result in swelling, itching and redness for up to a year that can usually be treated with steroid shots. On rare occasions, these reactions can proceed to cyst-like bumps that may form a scar.        <br><li>Other potential side effects/complications: Bruising, redness, swelling, infection and formation of white bumps under the skin. There have been cases of collagen accidentally being injected into a blood vessel, resulting in discoloration and sloughing of dead patches of skin.";

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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = "<b><font color=993333 size=2>Fat transfer</font></b>      <p><b>What</b>       <br>Fat cells extracted from a patient's own thighs, abdomen or buttocks with a syringe. The tissue is processed to remove extra fluids and reinjected, in small microdroplets or fine strings, into the desired area of the face. Fat also can be obtained during a liposuction procedure and stored for later use.       <p><b>Use</b>      <br>To fill moderate to deep wrinkles and scars, and augment lips.      <p><b>Duration</b>       <br>Extremely variable: Months to years.       <p><b>Cost</b>       <br>$1,000 to $2,000       <p><b>Pros</b><li>Ample, even unlimited supply.       <br><li>It's made from a patient's own tissue, so there is no allergy risk.       <br><li>Can last a long time in some patients.       <br><li>Requires no skin test so there's no need to wait for the first treatment.       <br><li>Can be used by people with bovine allergy.      <p><b>Cons</b><li>Requires a fat-removal procedure.       <br><li>Less convenient. Unlike most other injections, which take 30 minutes or less, fat transfer can take hours.       <br><li>Fat can reabsorb irregularly, creating unseemly lumps.       <br><li>Possible side effects/complications: Redness, bruising, swelling and infection at extraction and injection sites. As with other injections into the face, there is a risk of operator error, with the substance accidentally being injected into a blood vessel. ";

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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = "<b><font color=993333 size=2>Human collagen</font></b>    <p><b>What</b>    <br>Injectable collagen derived from newborn foreskin left over after circumcision. To create the product, fibroblasts--the cells that produce collagen--are isolated from the foreskin, and replicated in a culture where they are primed to pump out collagen. Both CosmoDerm and CosmoPlast are available.     <p><b>Use</b>      <br>To fill fine lines, deep wrinkles and scars, and plump lips.    <p><b>Duration</b>     <br>Three to six months.    <p><b>Cost</b>    <br>About $500 or more.     <p><b>Pros</b><li>No allergy test or waiting period required.     <br><li>Can be used on patients with a bovine allergy.     <br><li>Mixed with anesthetic so less painful than some other products.      <p><b>Cons</b><li>Potential side effects include: Redness, swelling, bruising, infection and small risk of allergic reaction. ";

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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = "<b><font color=993333 size=2>Hyaluronic acid</font></b>     <p><b>What</b>      <br>Gel formulated from hyaluronic acid, a substance found in cartilage and other connective tissue. Restylane, which is synthesized in the lab by bacteria genetically engineered to pump out hyaluronic acid, has become the most popular soft-tissue filler. Hylaform, a formulation derived from rooster combs--a concentrated source of hyaluronic acid--is the most recently approved filler used to add volume to sagging skin.       <p><b>Use </b>      <br>To fill fine lines, deep wrinkles and scars, and plump lips.     <p><b>Duration</b>      <br>Six months to a year.    <p><b>Cost</b>      <br>Ranges from $500 to $750 or more.      <p><b>Pros</b>     <br><li>Some patients report it feels and looks more natural than other fillers and may last longer than some.     <br><li>Requires no skin test so there’s no need to wait for the first treatment.      <br><li>Can be used on patients with a bovine allergy.     <p><b>Cons</b>     <br><li>Injections are more painful than collagen because the gel contains no anesthetic.      <br><li>Possible side effects/complications: Redness, swelling, bruising, bumpiness and infection. There is a small chance of allergic reaction to proteins in the gel.";

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CosmeticSurgery_Injectables[i-1].body = "<b><font color=993333 size=2>Synthetic implants</font></b>    <p><b>What</b>     <br>Gore-Tex--yes, the stuff your raincoat is made of--is shaped into pliable strands that can be implanted under the skin through two small incisions. A newer, purportedly softer version called Softform comes as a hollow tube made of a synthetic material similar to Gore-Tex.     <p><b>Use</b>      <br>To fill deep wrinkles and long scars, and plump lips.    <p><b>Duration</b>     <br>Permanent, but as the face continues to age, the benefit diminishes.     <p><b>Cost</b>     <br>$2,000 to $3,000.     <p><b>Pros</b><li>Longer-lasting results than biologic injectables and implants.     <br><li>Materials have been used safely for more than 20 years in a variety of medical implants including heart valves and sutures.     <br><li>Requires no skin test so there's no need to wait for the first treatment.     <br><li>Can be used by people with bovine allergy.    <p><b>Cons</b><li>Requires a minor surgical procedure.     <br><li>Can result in small scars at incision site.     <br><li>Some patients complain the implants don't look or feel natural. Material can be palpable to the touch.     <br><li>Can begin to extrude in areas that move a lot, like the mouth, and the edges can become visible.     <br><li>Potential side effects/complications: Redness swelling, bruising, firmness, tenderness, discoloration, infection, scarring, bumps under the skin and allergic reaction. Risk of puncturing blood vessel during procedure.";

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